·4 min read

technical seo basics every website owner should understand

technical seoseowebsitegooglesearch rankingsmall business

seo has two main components: the content side (what you write, what keywords you target) and the technical side (how your site is structured, how fast it loads, how google crawls it). most small business owners focus on content and ignore technical seo — which means they're leaving ranking improvements on the table.

here's what technical seo means in practice and what to check on your site.

crawlability: can google find your pages?

before google can rank your pages, it needs to find them. the process of google's bots following links and reading pages is called crawling. most sites have no crawlability problems, but there are common issues worth checking:

robots.txt file. this file tells search engine bots which pages they're allowed to crawl. a misconfigured robots.txt that disallows too much can accidentally hide your site from google. check yours at yourdomain.com/robots.txt — for most small business sites it should be permissive.

xml sitemap. a sitemap is a file that lists all the pages on your site, helping google find and index them. most cms platforms generate this automatically (wordpress generates it at yourdomain.com/sitemap.xml by default with yoast or rank math installed). submit your sitemap in google search console.

noindex tags. web pages can include a meta tag that tells google not to index them. this is sometimes correct (thank-you pages after form submissions, internal search result pages) and sometimes a mistake. check your most important pages in google search console to ensure they're indexed.

site structure: how pages are organized

a well-structured site is easier for both google and users to navigate.

internal linking. links between your own pages signal to google which pages are important and help it understand how your content is organized. your homepage should link to your main service pages. service pages should link to related content. a page that has no internal links pointing to it (an "orphan page") may not get crawled or ranked well.

url structure. clean, descriptive urls perform better than random strings. yourdomain.com/web-design-ottawa is better than yourdomain.com/?p=247. most cms platforms default to clean urls if configured properly.

heading hierarchy. each page should have one h1 tag (the primary headline), and use h2 and h3 tags for subheadings in a logical hierarchy. this signals structure to google and improves accessibility.

page speed and core web vitals

this is covered in detail in our core web vitals post, but technically it belongs here: google uses page speed as a ranking signal. slow sites rank lower, all else being equal.

key checks:

  • pagespeed insights score (pagespeed.web.dev) — above 70 on mobile is acceptable, above 90 is good
  • check lcp (largest contentful paint), inp (interaction to next paint), and cls (cumulative layout shift)

https / ssl

google confirmed years ago that https is a ranking signal. any site still on http is at a disadvantage. ssl certificates are free and setup is fast — there's no good reason to not have https in 2025.

mobile-friendliness

google's mobile-first indexing means the mobile version of your site is what determines your ranking. run your site through google's mobile-friendly test (search.google.com/test/mobile-friendly) and fix any issues flagged.

duplicate content

if the same content is accessible at multiple urls — for example, your homepage at both yourdomain.com and www.yourdomain.com, or product pages reachable via multiple filter combinations — google may be confused about which version to rank.

the fix: ensure a canonical url is specified for each page (using the rel="canonical" tag). on wordpress, seo plugins handle this. on custom sites, a developer needs to set it up correctly.

structured data (schema markup)

structured data is code added to your pages that tells google explicitly what the content means. for a local business, a localBusiness schema tells google your name, address, phone, hours, and service area. for a recipe site, recipe schema tells google the ingredients and cooking time.

this doesn't directly improve rankings but can earn "rich snippets" — the enhanced search results with star ratings, hours, or other information shown directly in search results. these increase click-through rates.

how to check your technical seo status

google search console (search.google.com/search-console) is the free tool that shows you how google sees your site. set it up if you haven't. check "coverage" for indexing issues, "experience" for page experience signals, and "enhancements" for structured data.

screaming frog is a free (up to 500 pages) desktop tool that crawls your site and reports on all the technical factors above in one place.

if your site has technical seo issues and you're unsure how to address them, nanushi includes technical seo audits and fixes as part of web projects.

ready to start building real apps with a team of passionate developers? join nanushi today and level up your mobile development skills.

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